00:43:17 Leslie Wade, NAFEX: Feel free to share information and ask questions here.
00:45:57 Leslie Wade, NAFEX: Dr. Cummins is just speaking so we’re not advancing slides yet. Thanks for asking.
00:48:38 Leslie Wade, NAFEX: Everyone should now be able to message everyone in the chat.
00:48:52 Amy Enwright (SUNY Oswego): When a rootstock such as a Geneva which has proven disease resistance is grafted to a scion of a varietal that is susceptible to diseases that the rootstock has immunity to, does the rootstock pass on any or all of the disease immunity to the scion or is the rootstock only protecting the tree from the root up to the graft union?
00:59:29 Elisabeth Lassanyi: Are root sprouting rootstocks and running rootsrocks harmful to grafted trees?
01:00:50 Adam Dusen: Since burr knots are adventitious roots, would mounding soil on a tree suffering from burr knots cause it to root there and potentially save the trunk from getting choked?
01:01:35 janet: I see G.65 on one of the charts. Is there any retail source for G.65 “Little Beauty” or has it functionally gone extinct?
01:02:54 Dan Daugherty: What stocks were those Mutsus on?
01:07:12 contrarianfarm: We are interested in playing with apple and pear bonsai. Any particular rootstocks to recommend? (Sorry, Leslie, that was supposed to go to everyone.)
01:08:23 Greg Bruhn: If a grower was growing apples trees on dwarfing rootstocks without using a trellis , how many seasons would it take before the trees could be self-supporting?
01:08:36 Sam Benowitz: Please talk about if grafting varieties that are not virus free on to the various Geneva rootstocks; are there problems that adversely affects some of those trees?
01:12:43 Elisabeth Lassanyi: Is anyone studying ideal rootstocks of apples and pears for southwestern growers (such as those of us in California)? High chill is something we NEVER get, but plants must withstand heat, drought, phytopthera, etc.
01:16:24 Jens Breiland: sorry I posted that by accident
01:17:05 Dan Lefever: GB fully dwarfed trees are never really self supporting
01:24:06 Greg Bruhn: If a rootstock is difficult to propagate through typical methods like stooling or cuttings, but has outstanding qualities in other areas, would propagation through tissue culture be a viable option/
01:27:46 stephentcummins@gmail.com: To Janet: I wish I could find a G.65. To my knowledge, nobody is propagating it. We don’t have any. I think it has disappeared
01:28:51 Juan Carlos Arango: is it possible to identify a root stock of a tree after several years of growth?
01:29:45 Dan Lefever: JC maybe by its leaf it has a sucker
01:30:01 stephentcummins@gmail.com: Dan Daugherty. The Mutsu forest was on everything. It was considered an early test block so it had anything that survived the greenhouse fireblight/collar rot tests.
01:33:47 Sarah Small: To Greg: Yes. For example, G.41 was difficult by stool bed, but if you took it to tissue culture and then started a new stool bed, then it works.
01:34:20 stephentcummins@gmail.com: To Adam Dusen. Mounding can save a tree. Be careful to not mound up over the graft union or you will likely end up with a full sized tree.
01:34:34 Elisabeth Lassanyi: I have an ume growing here with red rootstock.
01:35:24 Elisabeth Lassanyi: Manchurian apricot seedling must be the rootstock… it suckers like crazy!!!
01:35:57 SP: Any advice on propagating apple rootstock, french layering vs stooling?
01:37:01 Sarah Small: To Juan Carlos —Rarely.
01:38:06 Steven Franz: Sorry about that unmute
01:39:49 stephentcummins@gmail.com: To Greg Bruhn: Yes, Tissue culture is a viable option for hard to root stock. I wish G.65 and Novel had not been lost. They would have benefited from tissue culture.
01:44:11 SP: Is this nafex publication that Steve Cummins mentioned on grafting available somewhere?
01:44:38 Steven Franz: Anyone here have experience grafting multi-variety apples/pears? I’m interested in methods to do this. For example, I’m wanting to know if growing out my rootstock 2 years and chip budding is preferred to bench grafting say “Enterprise” and later adding other varieties to that wood.
01:45:46 Lisa W. IE-CRFG, So. California: QUESTION Do grafted rootstock live less than seedlings?
01:46:58 stephentcummins@gmail.com: To Greg Bruhn: It depends on the rootstock. It’s mostly common sense. On average, I’d say 8-9 years there should be sufficient caliper to support a crop to 10’ tall. G.16 is like a miniature standard tree. It is very sturdy. It will never tip over, but fruit load needs to be controlled on the central leader to keep from breaking it out. I’ve never gotten a tree over 6’ tall without support because I forget to go out and reduce the crop load.
01:54:28 Mays Acres: Has there been any progress in developing apple cedar rust tolerant/resistant for apples?
01:56:13 stephentcummins@gmail.com: To Lisa. Nobody knows yet. There is no reason to think that they won’t live as long and perhaps longer because of their fireblight, collar rot, cold hardiness, and wooly apple aphid resistance. I know of a block of Mutsu on M.9 in Geneva that were planted in the 70’s that are still going strong. M.9 isn’t resistant to much of anything…….
01:59:28 Dan Lefever: this new information as of this week from VA tech Winchester research center. Bud 9 imparts freeze resistance to the scion blossoms. Bud 9 is able to produce more sugars in the buds and thus prevent freeze damage.
02:00:48 Lisa W. IE-CRFG, So. California: Impressive discussion. Thank you to all participants!
02:02:13 Steven Franz: for apples, check summit tree sales, inc.
02:02:30 Steven Franz: (varieties, not rs)
02:02:33 Sam Benowitz: At The WSU Mt. Vernon station we observed many varieties and have a list of relative vigor.
02:02:44 Elisabeth Lassanyi: So, does Mutsu do well on its own roots?
02:04:47 stephentcummins@gmail.com: To Elisabeth. Mutsu on its own roots would be wonderful for making Mutsu lumber. It is extremely vigorous.
02:05:42 Elisabeth Lassanyi: Stephen: Great! I’ll start to root some cuttings from my tree.
02:05:59 Leslie Wade, NAFEX: Home Orchard list archived here: https://web.archive.org/web/20201104020511/http://www.homeorchardsociety.org/growfruit/apples/estimated-tree-vigor-for-apple-varieties/
02:10:33 contrarianfarm: Thank you to all the presenters, and Leslie, thank you — you do a great job moderating!
02:10:49 Juan Carlos Arango: Thank you!
02:11:02 BarbaraR: Thanks all!
02:11:09 Amy Enwright (SUNY Oswego): Thank you!!!
02:11:10 Eve Emshwiller: THANK YOU ALL!!!
02:11:11 Greg Bruhn: many thanks
02:11:14 Dan Lefever: how genetically related are bud 9 and 10?
02:11:31 John Stupica: Thanks to everyone!
02:11:58 stephentcummins@gmail.com: That was fun everybody. Thanks Sarah and Dad
02:12:10 stephentcummins@gmail.com: Thanks for putting this together Leslie
02:12:25 Taylor Malone: thank you all!
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